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Wire Product Terms

Active Coils – Coils that freely deflect when under a load.

Closed Ends – The ends of the coils touch because the pitch end is reduced on a compression spring.

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) – Machines with a computer memory, often used in manufacturing and production.

Deflection – During the application or removal of the burden, the motion of the spring arms or ends.

Elastic Limit – The strain and manipulation a material can endure without lasting set.

Fine Blanking – A technique of precision blanking in which the material is cut smoothly and accurately without needing secondary operations.

Free Angle – The slope between the torsion spring arms at the unloaded position for the spring.

Gauge – The measurement of the thickness of a wire.

Helix – In open or closed forms, the spiral shape of the spring.

Hooks – The open ends of extension springs.

Hysteresis – Lost mechanical energy during a spring’s cyclic loading and unloading.
Hysteresis is relative to the space among the loading and unloading deflection curves.

Load – Applied force that causes deflection with a spring.

Multislide Stamping – Stamping or forming from multiple directions in pieces and segments.

Pitch – In the wire of active coils, the measure of the distance from the center of one adjacent active coil to another.

Rate (R) – The modification in load for each unit deflection, typically expressed in pounds per inch (N/mm).

Set – Permanent deformation that happens from the stressing of a spring past the material’s elastic limit.

Spring Index –The ratio of mean coil diameter to wire diameter.

Stress Relieve – Exposing a spring to a treatment of low heat, which results in the reduction of residual stresses.

Torque – Equation measurement of torsion spring’s twisting action, relative to the distance from the axis of the spring body.

Wire Forming – The forming of wire into fabrication shapes.